Monday, October 22, 2012

Q. A- State true or false


Q. A- State true or false
1) The neonates treated by phototherapy for jaundice can develop riboflavin deficiency.                                                              
(True)
2) Pantothenic acid deficiency affects fatty acid synthesis.           
(True)
3) Biotin is a sulfur containing vitamin.                             
(True)
4) Vitamin B12 can be stored in liver.    
 (True)                             
 5) Folic acid is required for the propagation of the nerve impulse. 
 (False)
6) The patients treated by Isoniazid for tuberculosis can have pellagra like rashes on the body.                                                                    
(True)       
7) The utilization of Tyrosine requires the presence of vitamin C.  
 (True)
8) More the protein intake more is the requirement of Thiamine.
(False)
9) Niacin deficiency can precipitate B6 deficiency.    
(False)         
10) Folic acid is a one carbon carrier in the body.                        
(True)
11) A pure vegetarian diet can produce vitamin B12 deficiency.
(True)
12) Pantothenic acid deficiency leads to fatty liver formation.       
 (True)
13) Folic acid is a sulfur containing vitamin.   
(False)                   
14) Vitamin A is stored in the liver.      
(True)                             
15) Defective myelin sheath formation occurs in B12 deficiency.
(True)         
16) The morning sickness of pregnancy can be treated by Vitamin B6.
(True)
17) L- Amino acid oxidases require the presence of vitamin C.
(False)
18) More the carbohydrate intake more is the requirement of Thiamine. 
(True)
19) Renal failure can precipitate vitamin D deficiency.      
(True)          
20) Vitamin E is an antioxidant in the body.   
(True)                   
21) Isolated Riboflavin deficiency is not commonly encountered.  
(True)
22) Total non vegetarian diet can produce scurvy.
(True)                             
23) Pantothenic acid deficiency affects fatty acid degradation.     
(True)
24) Niacin can increase HDL levels  
(True).                                      
25) Folic acid can be stored in the liver.
(False)                                      
26) Thiamine is required for the propagation of the nerve impulses.
(True)
27) In addition to its coenzyme role, Riboflavin is the source of ADP-ribose for the ADP-ribosylation of proteins.                                
(False) 
28) Some 60 mg of dietary niacin is equivalent to 1 mg of tryptophan.
 (False)
29) Thiamine Nutritional Status Can Be Assessed by Erythrocyte Glutathione Reductase Activation.                                                           
(False)   
30) The intestinal activity of carotene dioxygenase is fast, so that a negligible proportion of ingested beta -carotene may appear in the circulation unchanged.                                                
(False)

Q.B- Name the deficiency disorder/ clinical manifestations of deficiency of each of the vitamins mentioned below
1) Niacin - Pellagra- photosensitive dermatitis, depressive psychosis and diarrhea
        2) Pyridoxine - Neurological manifestations (No specific disease), convulsions
3)  Biotin- Hair loss, Dermatitis (No specific disease)
        4)  Thiamine—Beri-Beri, or central nervous system lesions (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)
        5) Vitamin B12- Megaloblastic anemia, Sub acute combined degeneration of spinal cord
        6)  Folic acid- Megaloblastic anemia
        7)   Vitamin A Night blindness, xerophthalmia;keratinization of skin
        8)   Vitamin K - Impaired blood clotting, hemorrhagic diseases
        9) Riboflavin- Glossitis, Cheilosis, dermatitis
10) Vitamin D- Rickets in children; osteomalacia in adults

 Q.C- Give at least one therapeutic use of each of the vitamins mentioned below-
 1)Niacin- Niacin is specific in the treatment of Glossitis, dermatitis and the mental symptoms seen in pellagra.
 High doses of nicotinic acid (1.5-4 g/day)can reduce total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerols and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.
 2)Pyridoxine- Sideroblastic anemia and pyridoxine-dependent abnormalities of metabolism, for relieving the symptoms of PMS (premenstrual syndrome), treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum), relief of depression and neurological symptoms.  Also given for the prevention of IHD  and potentiation of immune functions.
 3) Vitamin C- for the prevention of IHD, cancers, to promote healingof wounds and treatment of common cold.
 4) Biotin-Biotin is used clinically to treat the biotin-responsive inborn errors of metabolism, holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and biotinidase deficiency. Also given for strengthening hair, nails and to combat premature graying of hair,
 5) Thiamine- treatment of beriberi and other manifestations of vitamin B1 deficiency (e.g. Wernicke-Korsakoff, peripheral neuritis),beneficial in neuritis accompanied by excessive alcohol consumption or pregnancy.
 6) Vitamin B12- For the treatment of megaloblastic anemia,hyperhomocysteinemia and prevention of cancers
 7) Folic acid- To treat megaloblastic anemia, to prevent neural tube defects given to pregnant females, to prevent IHD and for the prevention of cancers.
 8) Pantothenic acid- For the treatment of deficiency, to treat various liver conditions, arthritis, and constipation in the elderly; to prevent urinary retention after surgery or childbirth; and (together with biotin) to prevent baldness. It has also been reported to have a protective effect against radiation sickness.
9) Vitamin K- Vitamin K1 is used in the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia (low amounts of prothrombin), secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of vitamin K. During operations in which bleeding is expected to be a problem, for example, in gallbladder surgery, vitamin K1 is administered.  
Anticoagulants inhibit vitamin K recycling,which can be corrected rapidly and effectively by the administration of vitaminK1. 
Vitamin K1 is often given to mothers before delivery and to newborn infants to protect against intracranial haemorrhage.
10) Riboflavin- for the prevention of deficiency in high risk groups.Riboflavin deficiency leads to decreased glutathione reductase activity, which can result in cataracts. Therefore, riboflavin is used in combination with  other antioxidants, like vitamin C and carotenoids, in disease prevention forage-related cataracts.
 11) Vitamin A- vitamin A supplementation is given to children aged over 6 months for the prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Natural and synthetic vitamin A analogues have been used to treat psoriasis and severe acne.
 12) Vitamin D- given for the treatment of rickets, prevention of osteoporosis and vitamin D supplementations are also given to slow bone density losses and decreases the risk of osteoporotic fracture in men and women.



------------------------------------------ Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------

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