glycolysis-multiple-choice-questionssolved-set-2

http://www.namrata.co/glycolysis-multiple-choice-questionssolved-set-2/

Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com

Biochemical Tests for Identifying Unknowns

Carbohydrate Utilization: Bacteria produce acidic products when they ferment certain carbohydrates. The carbohydrate utilization tests are designed to detect the change in pH which would occur if fermentation of the given carbohydrate occurred. Acids lower the pH of the medium which will cause the pH indicator (phenol red) to turn yellow. If the bacteria do not ferment the carbohydrate then the media remains red. If gas is produced as a by product of fermentation, then the Durham tube will have a bubble in it. The carbohydrate tests we perform are the: Glucose (Dextrose) test Lactose test Sucrose test All carbohydrate test media should be inoculated with the transfer loop. Fermentation results from left to right: Left tube shows less acid formation than far right tube, but gas is still made Center shows no carbohydrate utilization to produce acid or gas. Right tube shows acid was produced as evidenced by the yellow color, and gas was made (look at the bubble in the Durham tube) Citrate Utilization: Tests for the ability of bacteria to convert citrate (an intermediate of the Kreb’s cycle) into oxaloacetate (another intermediate of the Kreb’s cycle). In this media, citrate is the only carbon source available to the bacteria. If it can not use citrate then it will not grow. If it can use citrate, then the bacteria will grow and the media will turn a bright blue as a result of an increase in the pH of the media. To inoculate this slant, use the transfer loop.  Left tube is a negative result. Right tube is a positive result. Gelatin Utilization: This media is used to test if bacteria can digest the protein gelatin. To digest gelatin, the bacteria must make an enzyme called gelatinase. To inoculate this media, use a transfer needle to stab the gelatin. After incubating the inoculated media for at least 48 hrs, transfer the tube into a refrigerator. The tube should be completely chilled prior to observation. If the media is solid after refrigeration then the test is negative (the bacteria did not digest gelatin). If the media is liquefied even after refrigeration, then the test result is positive…the bacteria is able to digest gelatin. The 'Serratia marcescens' on the left is positive for gelatinase production, as evidenced by the liquidation of the media.  The 'Salmonella typhimurium' on the right is negative, as evidenced by the solidity of the media. Starch hydrolysis: This test is used to detect the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch. After incubation the plate is treated with Gram’s iodine. If starch has been hydrolyzed (broken down) then there is a reddish color or a clear zone around the bacterial growth; if it has not been hydrolyzed then there is a black/blue area indicating the presence of starch. Simply use inoculating loop to spread bacteria onto plate surface. After the bacteria have grown, you add a few drops of Gram’s iodine to the plate and look for the color immediately after adding the iodine. Indole production: This test is done to determine if bacteria can breakdown the amino acid tryptophan into indole. SIM media or TSB (tryptic soy broth) is inoculated using a transfer needle. After incubating the bacteria for at least 48 hours, Kovac’s reagent is added to the media to detect if indole has been made by the bacteria. The development of a red/pink layer on top of the media is a positive result (the bacteria can breakdown tryptophan to form indole). Failure to see a red layer is a negative result (indole was not formed from tryptophan). The tube on the left with the red ring is positive for indole production while the tube on the right shows a negative result. The tube on the left is negative and the tube on the right is a positive result. MRVP (methyl red-Vogues Proskauer): This test is used to determine two things. The MR portion (methyl red) is used to determine if glucose can be converted to acidic products like lactate, acetate, and formate. The VP portion is used to determine if glucose can be converted to acetoin. These tests are performed by inoculating a single tube of MRVP media with a transfer loop and then allowing the culture to grow for 3-5 days. After the culture is grown, about half of the culture is transferred to a clean tube. One tube of culture will be used to conduct the MR test, the second tube serves as the VP test. MR (methyl red) test: Methyl red is added to the MR tube. A red color indicates a positive result (glucose can be converted into acidic end products such as lactate, acetate, and formate. A yellow color indicates a negative result, glucose is converted into neutral end products. VP (Vogues Proskauer) test: First alpha-napthol (also called Barritt’s reagent A) and then potassium hydroxide (also called Barritt’s reagent B) are added to the VP tube. The culture should be allowed to sit for about 15 minutes for color development to occur. If acetoin was produced then the culture turns a red color (positive result); if acetoin was not produced then the culture appears yellowish to copper in color (a negative result). Triple sugar Iron (TSI) - & Hydrogen sulfide production (H2S): Looks at fermentation of glucose, lactose, and sucrose and checks if hydrogen sulfide is produced in the process. Basically a pH indicator will change the color of the media in response to fermentation…where that color change occurs in the tube will indicate what sugar or sugars were fermented. The presence of a black color indicates that H2S was produced. In this media, H2S reacts with the ferrous sulfate in the media to make ferrous sulfide…which is black. To inoculate, use a needle to stab agar and then uses a loop to streak the top slated region. In addition to TSI media, SIM media can be used to determine if H2S is produced. A black color in the SIM medium following inoculation and incubation indicates that H2S is made by the bacteria. SLANT COLOR: Interpretation RED does not ferment either lactose or sucrose YELLOW ferments lactose and/or sucrose BUTT COLOR/CONDITION Interpretation RED no fermentation of glucose YELLOW some fermentation of glucose has occurred, acid has been produced GAS FORMED Seen as cracks in the agar, bubbles, or the entire slant may be pushed out of the tube.  (Caution:these gassy fermenters may have bacteria close to the opening.) BLACK H2S has been produced From left to right: Uninoculated control Red slant and red butt, no black color= no fermentation of glucose, sucrose or lactose. No Hydrogen sulfide produced Red slant and black butt= no lactose or sucrose fermentation, H2S has been produced Red slant with yellow butt= no lactose or sucrose fermentation, lactose is fermented, no H2S has been produced Yellow slant, yellow butt and black coloration= Lactose, sucrose and glucose fermented, and H2S has been produced Yellow slant, yellow butt and lifting and/or cracking of media, no black coloration= Lactose, sucrose and glucose fermented, H2S has not been produced but gas has been produced Yellow slant, yellow butt and no lifting and/or cracking of media, no black coloration= Lactose, sucrose and glucose fermented, H2S has not been produced nor has gas been produced Urea: This test is used to detect the enzyme urease, which breaks down urea into ammonia. Ammonia is a base and thus will raise the pH of the media if it is present. This change in pH is indicated by a pH indicator called phenol red which is present in the media. A color change from yellow to bright pinkish-red is positive; lack of color change is a negative result. Inoculate the liquid media with a transfer loop. The tube on the left is a positive reaction; the tube in the middle is a negative reaction and the tube on the right in an un-inoculated control. Catalase: This test is can be used to detect the enzyme catalase. This enzyme is responsible for protecting bacteria from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, which can occur during aerobic metabolism. If hydrogen peroxide accumulates, it becomes toxic to the organism. Catalase breaks H2O2 down into water and O2. To perform the catalase test simply smear a small amount of the test organism onto the lid of a Petri plate/culture dish. Then add a drop of hydrogen peroxide to the smear. If bubbles become visible (these would be the O2 bubbling up) then the test is positive and you can conclude that the organism makes catalase. A lack of bubbles indicates the absence of catalase. *Note, most aerobic organism make catalase. Bubbling upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide is indicative of the presence of catalase for this organism. Oxidase test: To perform this test simply swab some of your test culture into one of the boxes on an oxidase dry slide. If a color change to purple or blue is evident at 30 seconds-1 minute then the result is positive. It is important that the test is read by one minute to ensure accurate results (avoid false negatives and false positives). This laboratory test is based on detecting the production of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase by Gram-negative bacteria. It is a hallmark test for the Neiserria. It is also used to discriminate between aerobic Gram-negative organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Enterobacteriaciae. Additional Non-Biochemical Tests: Motility test: The motility test is not a biochemical test since we are not looking at metabolic properties of the bacteria. Rather, this test can be used to check for the ability of bacteria to migrate away from a line of inoculation thanks to physical features like flagella. To perform this test, the bacterial sample is inoculated into SIM or motility media using a needle. Simply stab the media in as straight a line as possible and withdraw the needle very carefully to avoid destroying the straight line. After incubating the sample for 24-48 hours observations can be made. Check to see if the bacteria have migrated away from the original line of inoculation. If migration away from the line of inoculation is evident then you can conclude that the test organism is motile (positive test). Lack of migration away from the line of inoculation indicates a lack of motility (negative test result). Left tube is result for a non-motile bacterium. Right tube is the result for a motile organism.

Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com

Attallah AM in PubMed

PubMed Results

Items 1 - 91 of 91

1.	Efficacy of passive immunization with IgY antibodies to a 58-kDa H. pylori antigen on severe gastritis in BALB/c mouse model.
	Attallah AM, Abbas AT, Ismail H, Abdel-Raouf M, El-Dosoky I.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2009;30(4):359-77.
	PMID: 19739011 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2.	AgNORs count and DNA ploidy in liver biopsies from patients with schistosomal liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
	Attallah AM, Tabll AA, El-Nashar E, El-Bakry KA, El-Sadany M, Ibrahim T, El-Dosoky I.
	Clin Biochem. 2009 Nov;42(16-17):1616-20. Epub 2009 Aug 12.
	PMID: 19682447 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3.	Expression of p53 protein in liver and sera of patients with liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic HCV infection.
	Attallah AM, Shiha GE, Ismail H, Mansy SE, El-Sherbiny R, El-Dosoky I.
	Clin Biochem. 2009 Apr;42(6):455-61. Epub 2008 Nov 27.
	PMID: 19063876 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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4.	Outcomes of Schistosoma mansoni infection in outbred albino mice exposed to Larvin contaminant.
	Attallah AM, Wahba MA, Elsheikha HM, Abbas AT, Abdel Aziz MM, El-Hemaly MA.
	Parasitol Res. 2008 Aug;103(3):567-76. Epub 2008 May 31.
	PMID: 18512077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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5.	Immunochemical identification and partial characterization of a native hepatitis C viral non-structural 4 antigen in sera of HCV infected patients.
	Attallah AM, Ismail H, Shiha GE, Abou-Dobara MI, El-Sherbiny RE, El-Dosoky I.
	Clin Chim Acta. 2008 Feb;388(1-2):115-22. Epub 2007 Oct 26.
	PMID: 18021744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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6.	Immunochemical identification and detection of serum fibronectin in liver fibrosis patients with chronic hepatitis C.
	Attallah AM, Zahran F, Ismail H, Omran MM, El-Dosoky I, Shiha GE.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2007;28(4):331-42.
	PMID: 17885887 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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7.	Evaluation of serum procollagen aminoterminal propeptide III, laminin, and hydroxyproline as predictors of severe fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
	Attallah AM, Toson EA, Shiha GE, Omran MM, Abdel-Aziz MM, El-Dosoky I.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2007;28(3):199-211.
	PMID: 17613667 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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8.	Immunodetection of collagen types I, II, III, and IV for differentiation of liver fibrosis stages in patients with chronic HCV.
	Attallah AM, Mosa TE, Omran MM, Abo-Zeid MM, El-Dosoky I, Shaker YM.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2007;28(2):155-68.
	PMID: 17424834 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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9.	Detection of a Helicobacter pylori antigen in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis.
	Attallah AM, Toson EA, Ibrahim GG, Bakr NE.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2007;28(1):25-33.
	PMID: 17236394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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10.	Schistosoma mansoni major egg antigen Smp40: molecular modeling and potential immunoreactivity for anti-pathology vaccine development.
	Abouel-Nour MF, Lotfy M, Attallah AM, Doughty BL.
	Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006 Jun;101(4):365-72.
	PMID: 16951805 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
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11.	Rapid diagnosis and follow up of bladder cancer patients using urinary high molecular weight cytokeratins.
	Attallah AM, Sakr HA, Ismail H, Ismail MF, Ibrahim AS, El-Sharabasy MM, El-Dosoky I.
	World J Urol. 2006 Aug;24(3):345-52. Epub 2006 May 17.
	PMID: 16705457 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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12.	Discriminant function based on hyaluronic acid and its degrading enzymes and degradation products for differentiating cirrhotic from non-cirrhotic liver diseased patients in chronic HCV infection.
	Attallah AM, Toson el-SA, El-Waseef AM, Abo-Seif MA, Omran MM, Shiha GE.
	Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Jul 15;369(1):66-72. Epub 2006 Mar 20.
	PMID: 16545356 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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13.	Susceptibility of neonate mice born to Schistosoma mansoni-infected and noninfected mothers to subsequent S. mansoni infection.
	Attallah AM, Abbas AT, Dessouky MI, El-emshaty HM, Elsheikha HM.
	Parasitol Res. 2006 Jul;99(2):137-45. Epub 2006 Mar 7.
	PMID: 16521039 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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14.	A discriminant score based on four routine laboratory blood tests for accurate diagnosis of severe fibrosis and/or liver cirrhosis in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C.
	Attallah AM, Shiha GE, Omran MM, Zalata KR.
	Hepatol Res. 2006 Mar;34(3):163-9. Epub 2006 Feb 14.
	PMID: 16478676 [PubMed - in process]
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15.	Immunochemical identification and detection of a 36-kDa Toxoplasma gondii circulating antigen in sera of infected women for laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
	Attallah AM, Ismail H, Ibrahim AS, Al-Zawawy LA, El-Ebiary MT, El-Waseef AM.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2006;27(1):45-60.
	PMID: 16450868 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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16.	An office-based immunodiagnostic assay for detecting urinary nuclear matrix protein 52 in patients with bladder cancer.
	Attallah AM, Sakr HA, Ismail H, Abdel-Hady el-SK, El-Dosoky I.
	BJU Int. 2005 Aug;96(3):334-9.
	PMID: 16042726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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17.	Application of a circulating antigen detection immunoassay for laboratory diagnosis of extra-pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis.
	Attallah AM, Osman S, Saad A, Omran M, Ismail H, Ibrahim G, Abo-Naglla A.
	Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Jun;356(1-2):58-66. Epub 2005 Mar 29.
	PMID: 15936303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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18.	Immunodetection of a hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigen and Thl/Th2 cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients.
	Attallah AM, Ibrahim GG.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2004;25(4):313-20.
	PMID: 15552586 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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19.	Vaccination of mice with a 30 kDa Schistosoma antigen with and without human adjuvant induces high protection against S. mansoni infection.
	Attallah AM, Abdel Aziz MM, Abbas AT, Elbakry KA, El-Sharabasy MM.
	J Helminthol. 2004 Sep;78(3):189-94.
	PMID: 15469619 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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20.	Identification of a specific marker for hepatitis C virus infection using capillary zone electrophoresis.
	Attallah AM, Abdel Malak CA, Elghawalby NA, Shehatta AS, Abdel-Raouf M, Shiha GE.
	Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Aug 16;346(2):171-9.
	PMID: 15256318 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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21.	Use of a novel enzyme immunoassay based on detection of circulating antigen in serum for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
	Attallah AM, Ismail H, Ibrahim GG, Abdel-Raouf M, El-Waseef AM, Abdel-Wahab M.
	Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004 Jul;11(4):775-9.
	PMID: 15242956 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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22.	Immunoreactivity evaluation of mutant p53 gene product with DNA ploidy pattern in colorectal carcinoma.
	Nasif WA, El-Emshaty HM, Tabll A, Elmasry SA, Attallah AM, Gad Elhak NA.
	Hepatogastroenterology. 2004 Jul-Aug;51(58):1001-6.
	PMID: 15239234 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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23.	DNA ploidy and liver cell dysplasia in liver biopsies from patients with liver cirrhosis.
	El-Sayed SS, El-Sadany M, Tabll AA, Soltan A, El-Dosoky I, Attallah AM.
	Can J Gastroenterol. 2004 Feb;18(2):87-91.
	PMID: 14997216 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
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24.	A novel antigen detection immunoassay for field diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection.
	Attallah AM, Ismail H, Tabll AA, Shiha GE, El-Dosoky I.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2003;24(4):395-407.
	PMID: 14677657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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25.	Dysregulation of blood lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells in schistosomal liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
	Attallah AM, Tabll AA, El-Sadany M, Ibrahim TA, El-Dosoky I.
	Clin Exp Med. 2003 Nov;3(3):181-5.
	PMID: 14648234 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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26.	Placental and oral delivery of Schistosoma mansoni antigen from infected mothers to their newborns and children.
	Attallah AM, Ghanem GE, Ismail H, El Waseef AM.
	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Jun;68(6):647-51.
	PMID: 12887021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
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27.	Rapid and simple detection of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating antigen in serum using dot-ELISA for field diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
	Attallah AM, Abdel Malak CA, Ismail H, El-Saggan AH, Omran MM, Tabll AA.
	J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2003;24(1):73-87.
	PMID: 12680608 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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28.	Detection of serum p53 protein in patients with different gastrointestinal cancers.
	Attallah AM, Abdel-Aziz MM, El-Sayed AM, Tabll AA.
	Cancer Detect Prev. 2003;27(2):127-31.
	PMID: 12670524 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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29.	Identification and characterization of a 26- to 28-kDa circulating antigen of Fasciola gigantica.
	Attallah AM, Karawia EA, Ismail H, Tabll AA, Nawar AA, Ragab WA, Abdel Aziz MM, El-Dosoky I.
	Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002 Apr;96(3):271-82.
	PMID: 12061974 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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30.	Immunochemical characterization and diagnostic potential of a 63-kilodalton Schistosoma antigen.
	Attallah AM, Yones E, Ismail H, El Masry SA, Tabll A, Elenein AA, El Ghawalby NA.
	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Mar;60(3):493-7.
	PMID: 10466983 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
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31.	Vaccination against Schistosoma mansoni infection using 74 kDa Schistosoma protein antigen.
	Attallah AM, Attia H, Ismail H, Yones E, El-Nashar EM, Abd El-Kader K, Tabll A, Saad A, Sultan A.
	Vaccine. 1999 Jul 16;17(22):2786-91.
	PMID: 10438048 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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32.	DNA ploidy of liver biopsies from patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a flow cytometric analysis.
	Attallah AM, Tabll AA, Salem SF, El-Sadany M, Ibrahim TA, Osman S, El-Dosoky IM.
	Cancer Lett. 1999 Jul 19;142(1):65-9.
	PMID: 10424782 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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33.	Induction of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni infection by passive transfer of an IgG2a monoclonal antibody.
	Attallah AM, Attia H, El-Nashar EM, Nawar A, Abdel Kader K, Ismail H, El Ebeidy G.
	Vaccine. 1999 May 4;17(18):2306-10.
	PMID: 10403599 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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34.	Rapid detection of a Schistosoma mansoni circulating antigen excreted in urine of infected individuals by using a monoclonal antibody.
	Attallah AM, Ismail H, El Masry SA, Rizk H, Handousa A, El Bendary M, Tabll A, Ezzat F.
	J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Feb;37(2):354-7.
	PMID: 9889217 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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35.	High prevalence of hepatitis B viral DNA in cirrhotic patients without surface antigen.
	Attallah AM, Hussein M, Tabll A, el-Dosoki E, el-Sadany M, el-Ghawalby N.
	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Sep-Oct;92(5):516-7.
	PMID: 9861366 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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36.	Immunochemical purification and characterization of a 74.0-kDa Schistosoma mansoni antigen.
	Attallah AM, El Masry SA, Ismail H, Attia H, Abdel Aziz M, Shehatta AS, Tabll A, Soltan A, El Wassif A.
	J Parasitol. 1998 Apr;84(2):301-6.
	PMID: 9576502 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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37.	Detection of p53 protein overexpression and DNA ploidy analysis in colon cancer.
	Attallah AM, Elhak NG, Nasif WA, Tabll A, Ezzat F.
	Hepatogastroenterology. 1997 Nov-Dec;44(18):1595-601.
	PMID: 9427029 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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38.	Cellular proliferation and ploidy of the gastric mucosa: the role of Helicobacter pylori.
	Abdel-Wahab M, Attallah AM, Elshal MF, Abdel-Raouf M, Zalata KR, el-Ghawalby N, Ezzat F.
	Hepatogastroenterology. 1997 May-Jun;44(15):880-5.
	PMID: 9222708 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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39.	Fast-Dot ELISA using urine, a rapid and dependable field assay for diagnosis of schistosomiasis.
	Attallah AM, el-Masry SA, Rizk H, Ismail H, el-Bendary M, Handoussa AE, el Shazly AM, Arafa MA.
	J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1997 Apr;27(1):279-89.
	PMID: 9097549 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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40.	Correlation between endoscopy, histopathology, and DNA flow cytometry in patients with gastric dyspepsia.
	Abdel-Wahab M, Attallah AM, Elshal MF, Eldousoky I, Zalata KR, el-Ghawalby NA, Gad el-Hak N, el-Ebidy G, Ezzat F.
	Hepatogastroenterology. 1996 Sep-Oct;43(11):1313-20.
	PMID: 8908567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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41.	Apoptosis in chronic gastritis: evaluation of the gastric mucosa by DNA flow cytometry and the expression of the high molecular weight cytokeratin.
	Attallah AM, Abdel-Wahab M, Elshal MF, Zalata KR, Ibrahim NM, Ezzat F.
	Hepatogastroenterology. 1996 Sep-Oct;43(11):1305-12.
	PMID: 8908566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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42.	Comparative study between cytology and dot-ELISA for early detection of bladder cancer.
	Attallah AM, el-Didi M, Seif F, el-Mohamady H, Dalbagni G.
	Am J Clin Pathol. 1996 Jan;105(1):109-14.
	PMID: 8561075 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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43.	A dipstick, dot-ELISA assay for the rapid and early detection of bladder cancer.
	Attallah AM, Helmi H, el-Helali E, el-Mohamadi H.
	Cancer Detect Prev. 1991;15(6):495-9.
	PMID: 1723657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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44.	UNME/K1: an IgG2a monoclonal antibody specific to cytokeratin of human urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma.
	el-Mohamady H, Basta MT, Seddek MN, Helmy H, al-Hilaly E, Attallah AM, Ghoneim MA.
	Urol Res. 1991;19(2):145-50.
	PMID: 1712997 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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45.	Antibiotics and immunity: effects of antibiotics on mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes and interleukin-2 production.
	Ibrahim MS, Maged ZA, Haron A, Khalil RY, Attallah AM.
	Chemioterapia. 1988 Dec;7(6):369-72.
	PMID: 3265360 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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46.	Cytokeratin shedding in urine: a biological marker for bladder cancer?
	Basta MT, Attallah AM, Seddek MN, el-Mohamady H, Al-Hilaly ES, Atwaan N, Ghoneim M.
	Br J Urol. 1988 Feb;61(2):116-21.
	PMID: 2450613 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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47.	Antibiotics and immunity: effects of antibiotics on natural killer, antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody production.
	Ibrahim MS, Maged ZA, Haron A, Khalil RY, Attallah AM.
	Chemioterapia. 1987 Dec;6(6):426-30.
	PMID: 3435924 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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48.	Immunological activities of recombinant interferon-alpha 2 and its A fragment.
	Attallah AM, Fleisher TA, Hu R, Abdel-Gaffar H, Ibrahim S, Metwali A, Zoon K.
	J Interferon Res. 1987 Apr;7(2):223-9.
	PMID: 3611842 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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49.	Interferon-enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and prediction of rejection in renal allograft recipients.
	Attallah AM, Abdelghaffar H, Fawzy A, Alghraoui F, Alijani MR, Mahmoud LA, Ghoneim LA, Helfrich GB.
	Transplant Proc. 1987 Feb;19(1 Pt 2):1589-91. No abstract available.
	PMID: 2435032 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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50.	In vitro effect of alpha-interferon on mononuclear cells of normal and autoimmune patients.
	Attallah AM, Steinberg AD, Clark HW, Brown TM, Metwali A, Fleisher TA.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1987;83(1):77-82.
	PMID: 3494687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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51.	Immunological monitoring and early prediction of rejection in renal allograft recipients.
	Attallah AM, Abdelghaffar H, Alghraoui F, Fawzy A, Alijani MR, Mahmoud LA, Ghoneim MA, Helfrich GB.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1987;84(1):10-7.
	PMID: 3305373 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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52.	Parasitic modulation of host immune mechanisms in schistosomiasis.
	Attallah AM, Abdul-Aal GM, Urritia-Shaw A, Murrell KD, Fleisher TA, Vannier WE.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1987;84(1):1-9.
	PMID: 3114152 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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53.	Cell-mediated immunity and biological response modifiers in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage renal disease.
	Attallah AM, Abdelghaffar H, Fawzy A, Alghraoui F, Alijani MR, Mahmoud LA, Ghoneim MA, Helfrich GB.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1987;83(3):278-83.
	PMID: 3110074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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54.	Immunopathology of experimental Schistosoma mansoni: immunohistochemical localization of parasite antigens in the host tissue.
	Abdul-Aal GM, Attallah AM.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1987;82(1):89-94.
	PMID: 3100452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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55.	Early immunological prediction of renal allograft rejection.
	Attallah AM, Abdelghaffar H, Fawzy A, Alghraoui F, Alijani MR, Mahmoud LA, Ghoneim MA, Helfrich GB.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1987;83(1):83-7.
	PMID: 2437058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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56.	Immune abnormalities in the diabetic New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse: insulin treatment partially suppresses splenic hyperactivity measured by flow cytometric analysis.
	Melez KA, Attallah AM, Harrison ET, Raveche ES.
	Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1985 Jul;36(1):110-9.
	PMID: 3891173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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57.	Production and partial characterization of interleukin 2 induced by periodic acid oxidation of lymphocyte membranes.
	Hornicek FJ, Malinin GI, Garcia JV, Attallah AM.
	Cell Immunol. 1984 Oct 15;88(2):260-72.
	PMID: 6091921 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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58.	Interleukin 2 production induced by chemically defined cell membrane modification.
	Attallah AM, Hornicek FJ, Muller J, Noguchi P, Malinin G.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1984;75(2):102-6.
	PMID: 6088398 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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59.	Tunicamycin treatment inhibits the antiviral activity of interferon in mice.
	Maheshwari RK, Husain MM, Attallah AM, Friedman RM.
	Infect Immun. 1983 Jul;41(1):61-6.
	PMID: 6190759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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60.	Determination of surface antigens using the Coulter counter: a simple highly sensitive method.
	Attallah AM, Yeatman TJ.
	Diagn Immunol. 1983;1(1):39-42.
	PMID: 6594208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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61.	Interferon-mediated inhibition of human polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis.
	Fleisher TA, Attallah AM, Tosato G, Blaese RM, Greene WC.
	J Immunol. 1982 Sep;129(3):1099-103.
	PMID: 6179992 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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62.	Biological response modifiers and their promise in clinical medicine.
	Attallah AM, Yeatman TJ, Johnson RP, Petricciani JC.
	Pharmacol Ther. 1982;19(3):435-54. Review. No abstract available.
	PMID: 6201933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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63.	Multiple biological activities of homogeneous human alpha interferon.
	Attallah AM, Zoon K, Folks T, Huntington J, Yeatman TJ.
	Infect Immun. 1981 Dec;34(3):1068-70.
	PMID: 6174447 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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64.	ADCC analysis with the Coulter counter: a highly sensitive, ultramicro assay suitable for clinical and experimental application.
	Attallah AM, Yeatman TJ.
	J Immunol Methods. 1981;43(2):121-9.
	PMID: 7021689 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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65.	A simple highly sensitive methods for the determination of cell viability using an electronic particle analyzer, Coulter counter.
	Attallah AM, Johnson RP.
	J Immunol Methods. 1981;41(2):155-62.
	PMID: 7021684 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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66.	Flow cytometric analysis of normal and neoplastic human hematopoietic surface antigens.
	Attallah AM, Strong DM, Slease RB, Noguchi PD.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1981;64(2):121-7.
	PMID: 7007254 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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67.	Effect of the new immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin-A, on natural killer cell and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity.
	Attallah AM, Urritia-Shaw A, Yeatman TJ, Folks T.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1981;65(4):465-9.
	PMID: 6972921 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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68.	Interferon immunoregulation of antibody response in normal and autoimmune mice is mediated by suppressor T cell subsets.
	Attallah AM, Urritia-Shaw A, Khalit RY, Steinberg AD, Ahmed A.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1981;64(3):353-8.
	PMID: 6163737 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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69.	Proliferative and functional aspects of interferon-treated human normal and neoplastic T and B cells.
	Attallah AM, Fleisher T, Khalil R, Noguchi PD, Urritia-Shaw A.
	Br J Cancer. 1980 Sep;42(3):423-9.
	PMID: 6158973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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70.	Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: detection by automated flow cytometry with ultramicro techniques.
	Attallah AM, Yeatman TJ, Noguchi PD, Johnson JB.
	Science. 1980 Jul 18;209(4454):404-6.
	PMID: 7384812 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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71.	Dissimilar modes of expression of beta- and gamma-actin in normal and leukemic human T lymphocytes.
	Leavitt J, Leavitt A, Attallah AM.
	J Biol Chem. 1980 Jun 10;255(11):4984-7.
	PMID: 6966280 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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72.	Detection of human ADCC activity using automated flow cytometry.
	Attallah AM, Naguchi PD, Folks T, Noguchi CT.
	Experientia. 1980 Jan 15;36(1):124-5.
	PMID: 6987071 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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73.	Natural killer cells (NK) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) components of Schistosoma mansoni infection.
	Attallah AM, Lewis FA, Urritia-Shaw A, Folks T, Yeatman TJ.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1980;63(3):351-4.
	PMID: 7419296 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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74.	Detection of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by automated flow cytometry. Comparison to a chromium release assay and characterization of the effector cell subpopulation.
	Attallah AM, Folks T, Noguchi PD, Noguchi T.
	J Immunol Methods. 1980;36(3-4):325-33.
	PMID: 7000911 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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75.	Differential effect of human interferon on normal and neoplastic T- and B-cell lymphocytes.
	Attallah AM, Fleischer T, Neefe JR, Kazakis A, Yeatman TJ.
	Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;350:245-53.
	PMID: 6165279 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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76.	Suppressive effect of human interferon on memory cells primed to different HLA-D specificities.
	Attallah AM, Hartzman RJ.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1980;63(3):317-21.
	PMID: 6158487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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77.	Enhancement of carcinoembryonic antigen expression by interferon.
	Attallah AM, Needy CF, Noguchi PD, Elisberg BL.
	Int J Cancer. 1979 Jul 15;24(1):49-52.
	PMID: 478691 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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78.	Characterization of the immunosuppressive state during Schistosoma mansoni infection.
	Attallah AM, Smith AH, Murrell KD, Fleischer T, Woody J, Vannier WE, Scher I, Ahmed A, Sell KW.
	J Immunol. 1979 Apr;122(4):1413-20.
	PMID: 312841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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79.	Interferon enhanced human natural killer and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity.
	Attallah AM, Folks T.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;60(4):377-82.
	PMID: 574126 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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80.	Cytochemical and ultrastructural alteration of leukemic cells by a naturally cytotoxic factor from spleen.
	Attallah AM, Johnson JB, Malinin GI, Houck JC, Petricciani JC.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;60(4):371-6.
	PMID: 500229 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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81.	Kinetics and cell killing in dividing and nondividing leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo by natural splenic cytotoxic factor.
	Attallah AM, Malinin GI, Houck JC, Johnson JB, Petricciani JC.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;60(4):361-70.
	PMID: 500228 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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82.	Differential effects of interferon on the MHC expression of human lymphocytes. Enhanced expression of HLA without effect on Ia.
	Attallah AM, Strong DM.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;60(1):101-5.
	PMID: 457294 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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83.	Humoral immunity assay in vitro detailed description.
	Khalil RY, Attallah AM.
	J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 1979;54(5-6):359-69. No abstract available.
	PMID: 399781 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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84.	In vivo induction of carrier-specific cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor cells for cell-mediated immunity in mice.
	Attallah AM, Ahmed A, Sell KW.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;60(2):178-85. No abstract available.
	PMID: 313910 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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85.	Is DNA synthesis a requisite for the differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells?
	Attallah AM, Yeatman TJ, Noguchi PD, Petricciani JC.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;60(2):132-9.
	PMID: 313908 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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86.	Loss of lymphocyte chalone activity in mice with autoimmune disease.
	Attallah AM, Steinberg AD, Ahmed A, Sell KW.
	Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;59(2):186-91.
	PMID: 156161 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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87.	Tentative mechanism of lymphocyte chalone action.
	Attallah AM, Houck JC.
	Exp Cell Res. 1977 Mar 1;105(1):137-41. No abstract available.
	PMID: 190025 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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88.	Cytotoxic effects on splenic ultrafiltrates upon leukaemic lymphocytes.
	Attallah AM, Houck JC.
	Br J Cancer. 1975 Dec;32(6):693-9.
	PMID: 1062220 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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89.	Lymphocyte chalone concentrates and their effects upon leukemic cells in vitro.
	Attallah AM, Houck JC.
	Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 1975 Jul 31;54(3):227-34.
	PMID: 130145 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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90.	The specific and endogenous mitotic inhibitor of lymphocytes (chalone).
	Attallah AM, Sunshine GH, Hunt CV, Houck JC.
	Exp Cell Res. 1975 Jul;93(2):283-92. No abstract available.
	PMID: 125653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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91.	Letter: Immunosuppressive properties of the lymphocyte chalone.
	Houck JC, Attallah AM, Lilly JR.
	Nature. 1973 Sep 21;245(5421):148-50. No abstract available.
	PMID: 4270300 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com