Normal Laboratory Reference Values

                    [Blood (B), Serum (S), Plasma (P),Urine (U)]

Blood Gases
pH	(B- Arterial) 7.35 – 7.45 (H+44.7-45.5 nmol/L)
Partial pressure of CO2   ( PaCO2)	(B-Arterial) 35 – 45mm Hg(4.7-6 kPa
Partial pressure of O2(PaO2 )	(B-Arterial 80) – 100mm Hg(10.67-13.33kPa)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)	24-28 meq/L(24-28 mmol/L)
O2 Sat %( Arterial)	90-95
O2 Sat %( Venous)	40-70
CO2 content	Total Serum  21-30 mmol/L
CO	<5% of Hemoglobin
Anion gap	7–16 mmol/L
Hematology
Hemoglobin	(B)Men-14-18g/dl (2.09-2.79mmol/L) Women-12 – 16 g/dL (1.86-2.48 mmol/L) (S) 2-3mg/dl
Haemtocrit (PCV)	Men 40 – 52% (0.4-0.52) Women 37 – 47%(0.37-0.47)
Red Blood Count (RBC)	Men-4.5-6.2million/μl(4.5-6.2×1012/L) Women-4-5.5million/μl(4-5.5×1012/L)
Reticulocytes	0.2-2% of red cells
White blood Count(WBC)	5000-10,000/ μl (5-10×109/L) Polymorph nuclear (PMN): 35-80% Immature Polys (Bands): 0-10% Lymphocytes (Lymp): 20-50% Monocytes (Mono): 2-12% Eosinophils (Eos): 0-7% Basophils (Bas): 0-2%
Platelets	150,000-400,000/ μL(0.15-0.4×1012/L)
Mean Corpuscular volume(MCV)	Men-80-94f L Women-81-99f L (By coulter counter)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin(MCH)	27-32pg
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration(MCHC)	32-36g/dl, red blood cells (32-36%)
Average diameter of red cell	7.3μm(5.5-8.8 μm)
Bleeding time	Ivy method, 1-7 minutes(60-420 seconds) Template method, 3-9 minutes (180-540seconds).
Clot retraction	Begins in 1-3 hrs: complete in 6-24 hrs. No clot lysis in 24 hours.
Fragility of red cells	Begins at 0.45-0.38%NaCl, complete at 0.36-0.3% NaCl
Partial Thromboplastin time	Activated, 25-37seconds
Prothrombin Time	(P)11-14.5 seconds, International Normalized Ratio(INR)- (P)2.0-3.0
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR or Sed-Rate)	Male: 1 – 13 mm/hr Female: 1 – 20 mm/hr
Blood Volume	8.5 – 9.1% of total body weight
Endocrines
Adrenals hormones
Cortisol	(P) 8.00 AM, 5-25μg/dl(138-690nmol/L) 8.00 PM<10 μg/dl(275 nmol/l)
Aldosterone	(P)  Supine 2-9 ng/dl (56-250 pmol/L)Increased when upright
Dopamine	(P) <135 pg/ml
Epinephrine	(P)Supine,<100 pg/ml(<550pmol/l)
Nor Epinephrine	(P)Supine,<500 pg/ml(<3nmol/l)
Adrenal hormones and metabolites
Aldosterone	(U)2-26μg/24 hrs (5.5-72 nmol/d), values vary with sodium and potassium intake
Catecholamines	(U)Total,<100 μg//24 hrs
Epinephrine	(U)<10 μg//24 hrs(<100 nmol/d)
Nor Epinephrine	(U)<100 μg//24 hrs(<590nmol/d)
Cortisol	Free(U)-20-100 μg//24 hrs(0.55-2.76μmol/d)
11,17 OH corticoids	(U)Men-4-12mg/24 hrs Women-4-8mg/24 hrs
17- keto steroids	(U)< 8 Years 0-2mg/24 hrs Adolescents-2-20mg/24 hrs(1mg=3.5μmol)
Metanephrine	(U)<1.3 mg/24 hrs(<6.6 μmol/d) or <2.2μg/mg creatinine
Vanillyl Mandelic acid(VMA)	(U)Up to 7 mg/24 hrs(< 35 μmol/d)
Pituitary
Growth hormone(GH)	(S) Adults, 1-10 ng/ml, (46-465 pmol/L) by RIA
Thyroid Stimulating hormone(TSH)	(S) < 10μU/ ml
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)	(S) Pre pubertal-, 2-12 m IU/ml Adult men- 1-15 m IU/ml Adult Women-1-30 m IU/ml
Luteinizing hormone(LH)	(S) Pre pubertal-, 2-12 m IU/ml Adult men- 1-15 m IU/ml Adult Women-< 30 m IU/ml
Corticotropin (ACTH)	(P) 8.00-10.00 AM, up to 100pg/ml, (22pmol/L)
Prolactin	(S) 1-25ng/ml (0.4-10 nmol/L)
Somatomedin C	(P) 0.4-2U/ml
Anti diuretic Hormone (ADH, Vasopressin)	(P)Serum osmolality285 mosm/kg, 0-2 pg/ml; >290 mosm/kg. 2-12 + pg/ml
Placenta
Estriol(E3)	(S) Men and non pregnant women <0.2μg/dl (<7nmol/L) by RIA
Chorionic Gonadotropin	(S) Beta subunit; Men-< 9 mIU/ mL Pregnant Women->10 mIU/ mL
Gonads
Testosterone, free	(S) Men, 10-30 ng/dl; Women 0.3-2 ng/dl. (1ng/dl=0.035nmol/L)
Testosterone, Total	(S) Pre pubertal , < 100 ng/dl ; Adult men, 300-1000 ng/dl; Adult women 20-80 ng/dl, luteal phase up to 120 ng/dl
Estradiol(E2)	(S) Men- 12-34 pg/ml; women, menstrual cycle 1-10 days 24-68 pg/ml 11-20 days, 50-300 pg/ml 21-30 days, 73-149 pg/ml by RIA, (Ipg/ml=3.6 pmol/L)
Progesterone	(S) Follicular phase, 0.2-1.5 ng/ml luteal phase, 6-32 ng/ml; Pregnancy,>24 ng/ml, Men, < 1ng/ml= 3.2 nmol/L
Thyroid
Thyroxin, free T4 (FT4)	(S) 0.8-2.4ng/dl (10-30 p mol/L)
Thyroxin, Total (TT4)	(S) 5-12 μg/dl(65-156nmol/L) by RIA
Thyroxin binding globulin capacity	(S) 12-28 μg T4/dl (150-360 nmol T4/dl)
Tri iodo thyronine (T3)	(S) 80-220 ng/dl (1.2-3.3 nmol/L)
Reverse Tri iodo thyronine (r T3)	(S) 30-80 ng/dl (0.45-1.2 nmol/L)
Tri iodo thyronine uptake(RT3U)	(S) 25-36% as TBG assessment(RT3U ratio) 0.85-1.15
Calcitonin	(S)<100 pg/ml (< 29.2pmol/L)
Islets
Insulin	(S) 4-25μU/mL(29-181pmol/L)
C- peptide	(S) 0.9-4.2ng/mL
Glucagon	(S), fasting) 20-100pg/mL
Parathyroid
Parathyroid hormone (intact)	(S)8–51 pg/mL.
Stomach
Gastrin	(S) up to 100 pg/ml (47 p mol/L). Elevated, > 200 pg/ml
Pepsinogen I	(S) 25-100 ng/ml
Iron Studies
Ferritin	Adult Women- 20-120ng/ml Men-30-300ng/ml Child-15 years-7-140ng/ml
Iron	(S) 50-175 μg/dl(9-31.3 μmol/L)
Iron Binding capacity	(S)Total- 250-410 μg/dl(44.7-73.4μmol/L) % saturation- 20-55%
Transferrin	(S) 200-400 mg/dl(23-45μmol/L)
Haptoglobin	(S) 40-170mg of Hb binding capacity
Blood Chemistry
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) SGPT	0-45 IU/L at 37°C
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) SGOT	0-41 IU/L at 37°C
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)	(S) Adults- 5-13 units(KA), 0.8-2.3(Bessey- Lowry):SMA 30-85 IU/L at 37°C: SMAC 30-115IU/L at 37°C
Amylase	(S)- 80-180 units/dl (Somogyi)
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase	(S) <30 units/L at 30°C
Lipase	(S) <150 units/L
Acid phosphatase	(S)- 1-5 U(KA),0.1-0.63U(Bessey- Lowry)
Total Creatine Kinase (Total CK)	(S)-10-50 IU/L at 30°C
Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)	0-3%
Creatine Kinase-MM (CK-MM)	97-100%
Creatine Kinase-BB (CK-BB)	0%
Lactate dehydrogenase	(S)-55-140 IU/L at 30°C
Aldolase	(S) 1.5-2.0 U/L
Troponin	<0.4 ng/ml
5′ Nucleotidase	0–11 U/L
Anti-streptolysin O Titer (ASO)	Adult: <125 Child: <250
Glucose	(S or P) 65-110 mg/dl(3.6-6.1 mmol/l)
Impaired glucose tolerance	111–125 mg/dL (6.2–6.9 mmol/L)
Diabetes mellitus	>125 mg/dL(>7.0 mmol/L)
Glucose, 2 h postprandial	70–120 mg/dL(3.9–6.7 mmol/L)
Fructosamine	<285 μ mol/L
Hemoglobin Alc	4.0–6.0%
Urea Nitrogen	(S or P) 8-25 mg/dl (2.9-8.9 mmol/)
Creatinine	(S or P) 0.7-1.5 mg/dl (62-132μmol/)
Uric acid	(S or P) Men-3-9 mg/dl(0.18-0.54 mmol/) Women-2.5-7.5 mg/dl(0.15-0.45 mmol/)
Bicarbonate	(S) 24-28 meq/L(24-28mmol/L)
Potassium	(S or P) 3.5-5 meq/L (3.5-5 mmol/L)
Sodium	(S or P) 136-145 meq/L (136-145mmol/L)
Chloride	(S or P) 96-106 meq/L( 96-106mmol/L)
Magnesium	(S or P)1.8-3 mg/dl(0.75- 1.25mmol/L)
Copper	(S or P) 100-200μg/dl(16-31 μmol/L)
Zinc	(S) 50-150 μg/dl (7.65-22.95 μmol/L)
Phosphorus, inorganic	(S –fasting) 3-4.5 mg/dl (1-1.5mmol/L)
Calcium	(S) 8.5-10.3 mg/dl (2.1-2.6mmol/L)
Calcium (ionized)	(S) 4.25-5.25 mg/dl; 2.1-2.6 meq/L (1.05-1.3 mmol/L)
Lead	(U)< 80 μg/24 hrs (< 0.4μmol/d)
Pyruvate	(B) 0.6-1 mg/dl (70-114 μmol/L)
Lactate	(B) Venous-, 4-16 mg/dl, (0.44-1.8mmol/L)
Ketone (acetone)	(S)Negative
Acetone and Acetoacetate	(S) 0.3-2 mg/dl (3-20 mg/L)
β-Hydroxybutyrate	(S)0–3 mg/dL(0–290 μmol/L)
Serum Total Protein	(S) 6-8g/dl (60-80 g/L)
Albumin	(S) 3.5 -5.5 g/dl (35-55 g/L)
Prealbumin	170–340 mg/L
Globulins	(S)2-3.6 g/dl ( 20-36 g/L)
Fibrinogen	(P) 0.2-0.6 g/dl (2-6 g/L)
Homocysteine	4.4–10.8 μmol/L
α1 –Antitrypsin	(S)> 180 mg/dl
C-reactive protein	0.2–3.0 mg/L
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)	0 – 4 ng/mL (likely higher with age)
Ceruloplasmin	(S) 25-43mg/dl (1.7-2.9μ mol/L)
Bilirubin	(S) Total, 0.2-1.2 mg/dl (3.5-20.5 μ mol/L) Direct- (Conjugated), 0.1-0.4 mg/dl (<7 μ mol/L) Indirect, 0.2-0.7 mg/dl (<12 μ mol/L)
Urobilinogen	(U) 0-2.5mg/24 hrs (70-470 μ mol/d)
Urobilinogen(Fecal)	40-280 mg/24 hrs (70-470 μ mol/d)
Porphyrins Delta Amino Levulinic acid (U) Prophobilinogen (U)	1.5-7.5 mg/24 hrs (11-57 μ mol/d) < 2 mg/24 hrs (<8.8 μ mol/d)
Ammonia	(P) 10-80 μg/dl
Osmolality	(S) 280-296mosm/kgwater (280-296 mmol/kg water)
Specific Gravity	(B) 1.056(Varies with Hb and protein concentration) (S) 1.0254- 1.0288(varies with protein concentration)
Fecal Fat	<30% dry weight
Lipid profile
Cholesterol mg/dL (mmol/L)	(S or P) 150-250 mg/dl (3.9- 5.72 mmol/L) <200 (<5.17)- desirable  200–239 (5.17–6.18) –borderline high >240 (>6.21) - high
Triglycerides	(S)< 165 mg/dl (1.9 mmol/L)
Lipid fractions	Desirable levels
HDL Cholesterol mg/dL(mmol/L)	<40 (60 (>1.55)- high
LDL Cholesterol mg/dL(mmol/L)	i) <70 (<1.81) -Therapeutic option for very high risk patients  ii) <100 (<2.59) -Optimal iii) 100–129     (2.59 –3.34)  -  Near optimal/above   optimal  iv) 130–159    (3.36– 4.11) -Borderline high  v)  160–189               (4.14–4.89) -High   vi) >190 (4.91) -Very high
VLDL Cholesterol	<40 mg/dl
Free fatty acid	(P) 200-800μmol/L
Lipoprotein (a)	0–30 mg/dL
Vitamins
Vitamin A	(S) 15-60 μg/dl (0.53-2.1 μmol/L)
β Carotene	(S) Fasting) 50-300 μg/dl
Vitamin B12	(S)> 200 pg/ml (>148 pmol/L)
Vitamin D	(S) Cholecalciferol (D3); 25- hydroxy cholecalciferol, 8- 55 ng/ml (19.4-137 nmol/L); 1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol, 26-65 pg/ml (62-155pmol/L);24,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol, 1-5ng/ml (2.4-12 nmol/L).
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)	(P) 0.4-1.5 mg/dl (23-85μmol/L)
Folic acid	(S) 14-34 nmol/L
Vitamin E	(S) 5–18 μg/mL(12–42μ mol/L)
Vitamin K	(S) 0.13–1.19 ng/mL(0.29–2.64 nmol/L)
Vitamin B6	(P) 5–30 ng/mL(20–121 nmol/L)
Immunoglobulins
Ig A	9.0-33 g/L
Ig G	7.2-15.0 g/L
Ig M	0.5-2.5 g/L
Ig D	0-0.4 g/L
Ig E	100-200 μg/L
Renal function Tests
p- Amino Hippurate(PAH)  clearance (RPF)	Men, 560-830 ml/min, Women, 490-700 ml/min.
Creatinine Clearance, endogenous (GFR)	Men, 110-150 ml/min. Women, 105-132 ml/min.
Inulin clearance	Approximately same as creatinine( corrected to 1.73 m2 surface area
Filtration fraction(FF)	Men-17-21%; women, 17-23 %(FF=GFR/RPF)
Osmolality	(U)On normal diet and fluid intake: Range 500-850 mOsm/kg water. Achievable range, normal kidney: Dilution 40-80 mOsm; concentration(dehydration) up to 1400 mOsm/kg water(At least three to four times plasma osmolality)
Specific gravity of urine	1.003-1.030
Urinalysis
Urine volume	0.4 -2.0 L/day.
Urine pH	5-7
Acidity, titratable	20–40 meq/d(20–40 mmol/d)
Ammonia	30–50 meq/d(30–50 mmol/d)
Specific Gravity	1.002-1.030
Urine Ketone	Negative
Urine blood	Negative
Urine Proteins	Negative
Urine Nitrites	Negative, Traces
Urine Bilirubin	Negative
Urobilinogen	0-2.5mg/24 hrs
Urine Micro	RBCs: 0-2/HPF WBCs: 0-2/HPF RBC Casts: 0/HPF
Urine Glucose	< 250mg/dl
Urine Creatinine	Men-1.0-2.0 g/d Women-0.8-1.8 g/d
Urea nitrogen	6–17 g/d(214–607 mmol/d)
Uric acid (normal diet)	250–800 mg/d(214–607 mmol/d)
Sodium (varies with intake)	100–260 meq/d(100–260 mmol/d)
Potassium (varies with intake)	25–100 meq/d(25–100 mmol/d)
Phosphate (phosphorus) (varies with intake)	400–1300 mg/d(12.9–42.0 mmol/d)
Micro albumin
Normal	0–30 mg/d(0.0–0.03 g/d)
Microalbuminuria	30–300 mg/d(0.03–0.30 g/d)
Clinical albuminuria	>300 mg/d(>0.3 g/d)
Micro albumin/creatinine ratio
Normal	0–30 μg/mg creatinine(0–3.4 g/mol creatinine)
Microalbuminuria	30–300 μg/mg creatinine(3.4–34 g/mol creatinine)
Clinical albuminuria	>300μg/mg creatinine(>34 g/mol creatinine)
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Pressure	60-150 mm Hg
Specific gravity	1.006 to 1.007
p H	7.3
CSF glucose	45-100 mg/dl
CSF Proteins	10-45 mg/dl
CSF Chlorides	700-760 mg/dl (120-130 meq/L) as NaCl
CSF urea	20-40 mg/dl
CSF Calcium	5.5-6 mg /dl
CSF cells	0-4 mononuclear per C.mm

TERMINOLOGY:

UNITS:

Gram:common measurement of weight. Used in this table: pg (picograms), g (grams), mg(milligrams), etc. per liter
micrometer (µm) : a unit of length. Mean Corpuscular Volume is expressedin cubic micrometers
mole: also “gram molecular weight,” a quantity based on the atomicweight of the substance. Many test results in the System Internationale areexpressed as the number of moles per liter. In US units, these measurements areusually in grams per liter. Used in this table: mmol (millimoles), µmol,(micromoles), nmol (nanomoles), pmol (picomoles) per liter

Some units of measurement include the following fractions and multipliers:
mega (M) : 10 ⁶ or x1,000,000
kilo (k) : 10 ³ or x1,000
deca or deka : 10 ¹ or x10
deci (d) : 10 ^-1 or ÷10
milli (m) : 10 ^-3 or ÷1,000
micro (µ) : 10 ^-6 or ÷1,000,000
nano (n) : 10 ^-9 or ÷1,000,000,000
pico (p) : 10 ^-12or ÷1,000,000,000,000

------------------------------------------ Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------

Multiple Choice Questions- Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Q.1-Which of the followings is a simple sugar or monosaccharide?

a) Galactose

b) Lactose

c) Maltose

d) Sucrose

Q.2- What is the molecular formula for Glucose?

a) CH₃OH

b) C₆H₁₂0₆

c) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

d) C6H12O5

Q.3- Maltose is composed of which two sugars?

a) Glucose and Glucose

b) Glucose and Galactose

c) Glucose and Fructose

d) Fructose and Galactose

Q.4- In which form is Glucose stored in animals?

a) Starch

b) Glycogen

c) Dextrins

d) Cellulose

Q.5-All are glucosans (polymers of glucose) except-

a) Glycogen

b) Inulin

c) Starch

d) Cellulose

Q.6- Choose the Aldose sugar out of the followings-

a) Sucrose

b) Ribulose

c) Fructose

d) Ribose

Q.7- Choose the keto triose-

a) Glyceraldehyde

b) Erythrose

c) Dihydroxyacetone

d) Arabinose

Q.8- A pentose sugar present in the heart muscle is-

a) Xylose

b) Lyxose

c) Xylulose

d) Aldose

Q.9- α-D Glucose and β- D glucose are-

a) Epimers

b) Keto- Aldose Isomers

c) Anomers

d) Optical isomers

Q.10- All tests are negative for sucrose except-

a) Benedict

b) Seliwanoff

c) Barfoed

d) Osazone

Q.11- Glucose can have ————- isomers due to the presence of 4 asymmetric carbon atoms-

a) 4

b) 12

c) 8

d) 16

Q.12- Galactose and Glucose are-

a) Epimers

b) Isomers

c) Anomers

d)Ketose- Aldose isomers

Q.13- The compounds having same structural formula but differing in configuration around one carbon atom are called-

a) Optical isomers

b) Stereo isomers

c) Anomers

d) Epimers

Q.14- What does the following equation represent?   

 α-D Glucose +112ο→+52.5ο→  +19οβ- D glucose

 a) Stereo isomerism

b) Mutarotation

c) Optical isomerism

d) Epimerization

Q.15- The carbohydrate of blood group substance is-

a) Fucose

b) Xylose

c) Lyxose

d) Fructose

Q.16- Dulcitol is a -

a) Sugar acid

b) Amino sugar

c) Deoxysugars

d) Sugar alcohol

Q.17- Which of the following is a non reducing sugar-

a) Arabinose

b) Erythrose

c) Trehalose

d) Ribulose

Q.18- A Polysaccharide formed by β1→4 Glycosidic linkages is-

a) Starch

b) Dextrin

c) Glycogen

d) Cellulose

Q.19-Invert sugar is-

a) Starch

b) Glucose

c) Fructose

d) Hydrolytic product of Sucrose

Q.20- The Polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of insects is-

a) Hyaluronic acid

b) Cellulose

c) Chitin

d) Chondrosamine

Q,21- Which of the following is a polymer of fructose?

a) Inulin

b)Dextrin

c) Cellulose

d) Glycogen

Q.22- A disaccharide produced on hydrolysis of starch is called-

a) Sucrose

b) Lactose

c) Maltose

d) Trehalose

Q.23-The typical cyclical structure of Glucose is α and β D-

a) Glucopyranose

b) Glucoside

c) Glucofuranose

d) Glucosamine

Q.24- Which test can be undertaken to differentiate between Glucose and Fructose?

a) Benedict

b) Molisch

c) Seliwanoff

d) Osazone

Q.25- Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?

a) C₃ H₇O₂N

b) C₁₃H₂₆O₂

c) C₆H₁₂O₆

d) C₂₀H₄₀O₂

Q.26- Which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose?

a) Ribose

b) Fructose

c) Glucose

d) Glyceraldehyde

Q.27-Which of following is an anomeric pair?

a) D-glucose and L-glucose

b) α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose

c) D-glucose and D-fructose

d) α-D-glucose and β-L-glucose

Q.28- Which of the following monosaccharides is not a carboxylic acid?

a) Glucuronate

b) Gluconate

c) Glucose

d) Muramic acid

Q.29- From the abbreviated name of the compound Gal (β 1 →4) Glc, we know that:

a) The glucose residue is the β anomer.

b) The galactose residue is at the non reducing end.

c) C-4 of glucose is joined toC-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond.

d) The compound is in its furanose form

Q.30- The compound that consists of ribose linked by an N-glycosidic bond to N-9 of adenine is:

a) A purine nucleotide.

b) A pyrimidine nucleotide.

c) Adenosine.

d) AMP

Key to answers

1)-a,      2)-b,      3)-a,      4)-b,      5)-b,      6)-d,     7)-c,      8)-b,     9)-c,      10)-b,   11)-d,    12)-a,    13)-d,

14)-b,    15)-a,    16)-d,   17)-c,    18)-d,   19)-d,   20)-c,   21)-a,    22)-c,   23)-a,   24)-c,   25)-c,   26)-b,  

27)-b,   28)-c,   29)-c,   30)-c

------------------------------------------ Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------

مصادر: قيادة عسكرية خيَّرت "شفيق" بين الرئاسة وسقوط البلاد في دوامة عنف

كتب: هشام خورشيد
يبدو ان جعبة التاريخ ممتلئه بحقائق تنطلق كالسهام لتصيب الهدف الحي ، ولن يتهاون في كشف كواليس الغرف المغلقه ، قديما كان يكتب التاريخ بعد مرور حقبته ومع تطور الاله الاعلامية والمعلوماتيه اصبح يكتب علي يد صناعه ومشاهديه ليكون الحكم سريعا كالبرق الخاطف والرعد القاصف ، وهاهي بعض الستائر تنزاح عن خفايا كانت بالامس القريب غيبا لتصبح الان واقع يكشفه المقربون من المنافس السابق في انتخابات رئاسة الجمهورية. كشف احد المصادر القريبة من المرشح الرئاسي السابق الفريق احمد شفيق ان شخصية عسكرية رفيعة المستوي كانت قد اتصلت بالفريق قبل اعلان النتيجة النهائية لانتخابات رئاسة الجمهورية مطالبه اياه بعقد مؤتمر صحفي حاشد باحد الفنادق الشهيرة بالقاهرة الجديدة ليعلن فيه عن اقترابه لكرسي الرئاسة مؤكدا له ان المؤشرات النهائية قد اكدت فوزه بالمنصب. واضاف المصدر ان شفيق في تلك اللحظة كان ينتوي السفر الي دبي بعدما وصلته معلومات تفيد بان الجماعة تهدد باشعال البلاد حال فوزه وان القيادة السياسية حينها يراودها الخوف الشديد علي ان يتكرر سيناريو سوريا علي ارض مصر وينجح مخطط التقسيم ولازالة الحرج والخوف من مصير مجهول سيسود البلاد قرر شفيق السفر. ويكمل المصدر الذي رفض ذكر اسمه ان بعد عقد المؤتمر سابق الذكر سادت حالة غضب بمكتب الارشاد وبدات حملة تصريحات تحمل معاني العنف والدم علي السن بعض القيادات الاخوانية منها ان نتيجة الفوز محسومه لمرسي وان اي نتيجة اخري تعني التزوير وهنا احس الفريق ان المؤتمر كان مجرد بالونة اختبار لقياس رد فعل الاخوان وان المجلس العسكري يخشي من رد الفعل وان حقيقتا النتيجة محسومه له علي الورق ولكنها ستذهب لمنافسه علي ارض الواقع. وبالفعل - حسب رواية المصدر - كان هناك لقاء بين الفريق وقيادات بالمجلس العسكري بعد ان تسلمت قوة من الحرس الجمهوري منزل الفريق شفيق لتامينه وهو ما يعتبر اعتراف مسبق من المجلس بنجاح الفريق وكان اللقاء عبارة عن خمسة دقائق وجه فيها سؤال واحد للفريق ولكنه يحمل معاني كثيرة لمن يدرك. سؤل الفريق ... مصر ام الرئاسة ؟ فابتسم الفريق وكانت الاجابة من سيحميني من بطش الجماعة.

------------------------------------------ Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------

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------------------------------------------ Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------