Pathway

http://www.genome.jp

http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html#global

Pathway Maps KEGG PATHWAY is a collection of manually drawn pathway maps (see new maps, change history, and last updates) representing our knowledge on the molecular interaction and reaction networks for: 0. Global Map 1. Metabolism     Carbohydrate   Energy   Lipid   Nucleotide   Amino acid   Other amino acid   Glycan     Cofactor/vitamin   Terpenoid/PK   Other secondary metabolite   Xenobiotics   Overview 2. Genetic Information Processing 3. Environmental Information Processing 4. Cellular Processes 5. Organismal Systems 6. Human Diseases and also on the structure relationships (KEGG drug structure maps) in: 7. Drug Development Pathway Mapping KEGG PATHWAY mapping is the process to map molecular datasets, especially large-scale datasets in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to the KEGG pathway maps for biological interpretaion of higher-level systemic functions. Search objects in KEGG pathways Color objects in KEGG pathways 0. Global Map 0.1 Metabolism Metabolic pathways [zoom out] Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites [zoom out] Launch KEGG Atlas Launch KEGG Atlas 1. Metabolism 1.1 Carbohydrate Metabolism Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Pentose phosphate pathway Pentose and glucuronate interconversions Fructose and mannose metabolism Galactose metabolism Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism Starch and sucrose metabolism Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism Pyruvate metabolism Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Propanoate metabolism Butanoate metabolism C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Inositol phosphate metabolism Enzymes Compounds with biological roles 1.2 Energy Metabolism Oxidative phosphorylation Photosynthesis Photosynthesis - antenna proteins Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms Reductive carboxylate cycle in photosynthetic bacteria Methane metabolism Major update! Nitrogen metabolism Sulfur metabolism Photosynthesis proteins 1.3 Lipid Metabolism Fatty acid biosynthesis Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria Fatty acid metabolism Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies Steroid biosynthesis Primary bile acid biosynthesis Secondary bile acid biosynthesis Steroid hormone biosynthesis Glycerolipid metabolism Glycerophospholipid metabolism Ether lipid metabolism Sphingolipid metabolism Arachidonic acid metabolism Linoleic acid metabolism alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids Lipids Lipid biosynthesis proteins 1.4 Nucleotide Metabolism Purine metabolism Pyrimidine metabolism 1.5 Amino Acid Metabolism Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism Cysteine and methionine metabolism Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis Lysine biosynthesis Lysine degradation Arginine and proline metabolism Histidine metabolism Tyrosine metabolism Phenylalanine metabolism Tryptophan metabolism Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis 1.6 Metabolism of Other Amino Acids beta-Alanine metabolism Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism Selenoamino acid metabolism Cyanoamino acid metabolism D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism D-Alanine metabolism Glutathione metabolism 1.7 Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism N-Glycan biosynthesis High-mannose type N-glycan biosynthesis O-Glycan biosynthesis O-Mannosyl glycan biosynthesis Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - keratan sulfate Glycosaminoglycan degradation Glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globo series Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis Peptidoglycan biosynthesis Other glycan degradation KEGG GLYCAN Composite structure map Monosaccharide codes Glycosyltransferases Proteoglycans LPS biosynthesis proteins 1.8 Metabolism of Cofactors and Vitamins Thiamine metabolism Riboflavin metabolism Vitamin B6 metabolism Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis Biotin metabolism Lipoic acid metabolism Folate biosynthesis One carbon pool by folate Retinol metabolism Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis 1.9 Metabolism of Terpenoids and Polyketides Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis Monoterpenoid biosynthesis Sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis Diterpenoid biosynthesis Carotenoid biosynthesis Brassinosteroid biosynthesis Insect hormone biosynthesis Zeatin biosynthesis Limonene and pinene degradation Geraniol degradation Type I polyketide structures Biosynthesis of 12-, 14- and 16-membered macrolides Biosynthesis of ansamycins Biosynthesis of type II polyketide backbone Biosynthesis of type II polyketide products Tetracycline biosynthesis Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis Nonribosomal peptide structures Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides Biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics 1.10 Biosynthesis of Other Secondary Metabolites Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis Flavonoid biosynthesis Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis Anthocyanin biosynthesis Isoflavonoid biosynthesis Indole alkaloid biosynthesis Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis Acridone alkaloid biosynthesis Caffeine metabolism Betalain biosynthesis Glucosinolate biosynthesis Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis beta-Lactam resistance Streptomycin biosynthesis Butirosin and neomycin biosynthesis Clavulanic acid biosynthesis Puromycin biosynthesis Novobiocin biosynthesis Phytochemical compounds 1.11 Xenobiotics Biodegradation and Metabolism Caprolactam degradation Biphenyl degradation Toluene and xylene degradation gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane degradation 3-Chloroacrylic acid degradation 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) degradation 2,4-Dichlorobenzoate degradation 1,2-Dichloroethane degradation Tetrachloroethene degradation Styrene degradation 1,4-Dichlorobenzene degradation Naphthalene and anthracene degradation Ethylbenzene degradation Fluorene degradation Carbazole degradation Benzoate degradation via CoA ligation Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation Atrazine degradation Bisphenol A degradation 1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene degradation Trinitrotoluene degradation Fluorobenzoate degradation Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 Drug metabolism - other enzymes 1.12 Overview Overview of biosynthetic pathways Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine and nicotinic acid Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and polyketide Biosynthesis of plant hormones 2. Genetic Information Processing 2.1 Transcription RNA polymerase Basal transcription factors Spliceosome Transcription factors Spliceosome 2.2 Translation Ribosome Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis Ribosome Translation factors 2.3 Folding, Sorting and Degradation Protein export Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum New! SNARE interactions in vesicular transport Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis Sulfur relay system New! Proteasome RNA degradation Chaperones and folding catalysts SNAREs Ubiquitin system Proteasome 2.4 Replication and Repair DNA replication Base excision repair Nucleotide excision repair Mismatch repair Homologous recombination Non-homologous end-joining DNA replication proteins Chromosome DNA repair and recombination proteins 3. Environmental Information Processing 3.1 Membrane Transport ABC transporters Phosphotransferase system (PTS) Bacterial secretion system Transporters Secretion system Bacterial toxins 3.2 Signal Transduction Two-component system MAPK signaling pathway MAPK signaling pathway - fly MAPK signaling pathway - yeast ErbB signaling pathway Wnt signaling pathway Notch signaling pathway Hedgehog signaling pathway TGF-beta signaling pathway VEGF signaling pathway Jak-STAT signaling pathway Calcium signaling pathway Phosphatidylinositol signaling system mTOR signaling pathway Two-component system 3.3 Signaling Molecules and Interaction Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ECM-receptor interaction Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) G protein-coupled receptors Enzyme-linked receptors Cytokine receptors / Cytokines Nuclear receptors Ion channels GTP-binding proteins CAMs / CAM ligands Cellular antigens Glycan binding proteins 4. Cellular Processes 4.1 Transport and Catabolism Endocytosis Phagosome Lysosome Peroxisome Regulation of autophagy 4.2 Cell Motility Bacterial chemotaxis Flagellar assembly Regulation of actin cytoskeleton Bacterial motility proteins Cytoskeleton proteins 4.3 Cell Growth and Death Cell cycle Cell cycle - yeast Cell cycle - Caulobacter Meiosis - yeast Oocyte meiosis Apoptosis p53 signaling pathway 4.4 Cell Communication Focal adhesion Adherens junction Tight junction Gap junction 5. Organismal Systems 5.1 Immune System Hematopoietic cell lineage Complement and coagulation cascades Toll-like receptor signaling pathway NOD-like receptor signaling pathway RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity Antigen processing and presentation T cell receptor signaling pathway B cell receptor signaling pathway Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis Leukocyte transendothelial migration Intestinal immune network for IgA production Chemokine signaling pathway 5.2 Endocrine System Insulin signaling pathway Adipocytokine signaling pathway PPAR signaling pathway GnRH signaling pathway Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation Melanogenesis Renin-angiotensin system 5.3 Circulatory System Cardiac muscle contraction Vascular smooth muscle contraction 5.4 Digestive System Salivary secretion Gastric acid secretion Pancreatic secretion New! Carbohydrate digestion and absorption New! Protein digestion and absorption New! 5.5 Excretory System Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation Collecting duct acid secretion 5.6 Nervous System Long-term potentiation Long-term depression Neurotrophin signaling pathway 5.7 Sensory System Phototransduction Phototransduction - fly Olfactory transduction Taste transduction 5.8 Development Dorso-ventral axis formation Axon guidance 5.9 Environmental Adaptation Circadian rhythm - mammal Circadian rhythm - fly Circadian rhythm - plant Plant-pathogen interaction 6. Human Diseases 6.1 Cancers Pathways in cancer (overview) Colorectal cancer Pancreatic cancer Glioma Thyroid cancer Acute myeloid leukemia Chronic myeloid leukemia Basal cell carcinoma Melanoma Renal cell carcinoma Bladder cancer Prostate cancer Endometrial cancer Small cell lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer KEGG DISEASE Human diseases ICD-10 disease classification 6.2 Immune System Diseases Asthma Systemic lupus erythematosus Autoimmune thyroid disease Allograft rejection Graft-versus-host disease Primary immunodeficiency 6.3 Neurodegenerative Diseases Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Huntington's disease Prion diseases 6.4 Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Viral myocarditis 6.5 Metabolic Diseases Type I diabetes mellitus Type II diabetes mellitus Maturity onset diabetes of the young 6.6 Infectious Diseases Vibrio cholerae infection Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection Shigellosis Staphylococcus aureus infection New! Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells Hepatitis C New! Amoebiasis Malaria Toxoplasmosis New! Leishmaniasis Chagas disease 7. Drug Development 7.1 Chronology: Antibiotics Penicillins Cephalosporins - parenteral agents Cephalosporins - oral agents Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Macrolides and ketolides Quinolones Rifamycins KEGG DRUG ATC classification (WHO) Therapeutic category of drugs (Japan) USP drug classification (USA) 7.2 Chronology: Antineoplastics Antineoplastics - alkylating agents Antineoplastics - antimetabolic agents Antineoplastics - agents from natural products Antineoplastics - hormones Antineoplastics - protein kinases inhibitors 7.3 Chronology: Nervous System Agents Hypnotics Anxiolytics Anticonvulsants Local analgesics Opioid analgesics Antipsychotics Antipsychotics - phenothiazines Antipsychotics - butyrophenones Antidepressants 7.4 Chronology: Other Drugs Sulfonamide derivatives - sulfa drugs Sulfonamide derivatives - diuretics Sulfonamide derivatives - hypoglycemic agents Antiarrhythmic drugs Antacids Antivirals Immunosuppressive agents Osteoporosis drugs Antimigraines 7.5 Target Based Classification: G Protein-Coupled Receptors Cholinergic and anticolinergic drugs alpha-Adrenergic receptor agonists/antagonists beta-Adrenergic receptor agonists/antagonists Dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists Histamine H1 receptor antagonists Histamine H2/H3 receptor agonists/antagonists Serotonin receptor agonists/antagonists Eicosanoid receptor agonists/antagonists New! Opioid receptor agonists/antagonists Angiotensin receptor and endothelin receptor antagonists New! G protein-coupled receptors 7.6 Target Based Classification: Nuclear Receptors Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor agonists/antagonists Progesterone, androgen and estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists/antagonists Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists Nuclear receptors 7.7 Target Based Classification: Ion Channels Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists Calcium channel blocking agents Ion channels 7.8 Target Based Classification: Enzymes Catecholamine transferase inhibitors Cyclooxygenase inhibitors HIV protease inhibitors Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors Major update! 7.9 Structure Based Classification Azoles Quinolines Statins Eicosanoids Prostaglandins 7.10 Skeleton Based Classification Benzoic acid family 2-Aminothiazole family 1,2-Diphenyl substitution family Furan family Naphthalene family Sulfonamide family Butyrophenone family Benzodiazepine family

Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com