Diabetes Mellitus

Q.1- What is the biochemical basis for the followings in Diabetes Mellitus-

a) Weight loss

b) Paresthesias

c) Increased susceptibility to infections

d) Non healing ulcers

e) Blindness

f) Hypoglycemia

g) Lactic acidosis

h) Ketosis

i) Hypercholesterolemia

j) High risk for IHD

Q- 2 What is Glycated hemoglobin? What is its significance in the diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus?

Q.3- What is the cause of Hypokalemia upon insulin administration in diabetics?

Q.4.- What is Maturity onset diabetes mellitus of young (MODY)?

Q.5-What is LADA (Latent Auto immune diabetes mellitus of Adults)?

Q.6- What are the important differences between Type1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Q.7- What is the cause of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Q.8-A 35 year- old woman reported with classical symptoms of polyuria, Polyphagia and Polydipsia. Her fasting blood glucose was 190 mg/dl. She was diagnosed witDiabetes mellitus and was started with oral hypoglycemic drugs. A week laterher blood glucose was repeated and was found to be 234 mg/dl.  What could be the reason for increasing blood glucose level despite glucose lowering therapy? Which investigation should bcarried out for further diagnosis?

Q.9-What is the significance of estimating c-peptide levels?

Q.10- What are diabetes prone states?

Q.11-What are the secondary causes of diabetes mellitus?

Q.12- What is the significance of detecting microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus?

Q.13-What is the biochemical basis for impaired glucose uptake inskeletal muscles and adipose tissue in diabetes mellitus?

Q.14- What is the biochemical basis for complications in diabetes mellitus?

Q.15- What are the acute complications of diabetes mellitus?

Q.16-What are late onsets or chronic complications of diabetes mellitus?

Q.17-What is meant by “Advanced glycation end products”?

Q.18- What are the metabolic alterations brought about in the absence of insulin in diabetes mellitus?

Q.19- Enumerate the different tests carried out for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?

Q.20 Suggest a healthy diet for a diabetic patient? What is the role of dietary fiber?

Q.21- What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?

Q.22- What should be the fasting and post load blood glucose values for a person to be declared as  having impaired glucose tolerance?

Q.23- What are the indication for carrying out oral glucose tolerance test ?

Q.24 -What is the criteria for the laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus after oral glucose tolerance test?

Q.25- What is the significance of serum fructosamine estimation in diabetes mellitus?

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