Immunology by Animation

Somatic Recombination of a light chain to demonstrate how antibodies can bind to so many different epitopes.

MHC I antigen loading - shows how MHC class one molecules acquire their antigens for presentation on the cell surface.

MHC II antigen loading – shows how MHC class two molecules acquire their antigens for presentation on the cell surface.

IP₃ and Ca²⁺ ions as second messengers – shows how ligand binding to a receptor initiates the production of IP₃ and release of Ca²⁺ ions from the ER.

B Cell Maturation - shows intracellular and extracellular interactions that illustrate the maturation stages of B cells in the bone marrow.

Activation of B Cells with Thymus-Independent (TI) Antigen - shows the role of the B cell receptor and coreceptor when challenged with a bacterial or viral anitgen that has many copies of a single epitope.

B Cell Selection - shows how B cells that bind to self-antigen are removed from the repertoire of B cells with randomly generated binding specificities. Also shows that non-reactive B cells are permitted to enter general circulation.

T Cell Selection – this series of animations shows T Cell development, Positive Selection, and Negative Selection. The viewer can choose which process he or she wants to see. The animations were created by and generously donated to Davidson College by Dr. Victor Lemas of BioCreations.

MAPK – an animation which shows how cell surface receptors lead to gene activation. This pathway is called the MAP Kinase pathway. The animation was created by and generously donated to Davidson College by Dr. Victor Lemas of BioCreations.

RT-PCR- shows how the method of reverse transcriptase-PCR is performed and some sample data are produced.

------------------------------------------ Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:01007834123 Email:ehab10f@gmail.com,ehababoueladab@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------